German forestry model
Germany has the phrase, "Forests are the best decoration of the land." Similar to what is called "Germanic people are the people of the forest," it is a word that expresses the feelings for the forest that have been passed down. As "near natural forestry" and "combined natural forestry", some people engage in forestry and others take a walk or horseback riding in a natural forest that is neither artificial nor natural. This is nature, Germany.
Characteristics of German forestry
Germany is now said to be a model for forestry in the world, 18 18 During the Industrial Revolution of the century, many forests were lost due to a series of heavy felling. When we feel a sense of crisis about the disappearance of forests, we harvest while balancing the growth of trees and start forestry that keeps planting trees. It was around this time that the study of forestry appeared ahead of the rest of the world. Then, as slowly as the growth of a tree, we will shift to a method of operation that makes everyone familiar with the forest on a daily basis and feels that the forest is important. That is the German forestry called "Near Natural Forestry" and "Go Natural Forestry".
We will maintain and manage forests as close to nature as possible without distinguishing between artificial forests and natural forests. Clear-cutting over a certain area is prohibited by law, and only the required amount is selected as needed. Trees may be planted on the site of felling, but basically it is left to natural regeneration. In this way, the forest becomes more natural.
German Forestry-High work efficiency and productivity
Basically, it is German forestry that promotes natural regeneration while cutting down large trees. It is selectively cut in a circle, line, or band, and gradually expanded to let light enter the forest and promote natural regeneration. This logging and renewal 30 ~ 50 It is said to circulate on an annual basis.
Reasons for high productivity
Operator 1 Per capita 1 The amount of material in the day Ten German forestry that never falls below m3. When comparing high productivity and good work efficiency with Japan, it is said that the timber volume is large due to logging of large trees, and that it is an environment where large high-performance machines are easy to work with. It must be remembered that the large-diameter tree felling is due to the long-cutting selective logging operation, and that the road network is thoroughly maintained so that large machines can easily enter. The forest road is long 20m Total weight of wood 40 ~ 50t It is built on the premise that a large trailer can pass through, and general vehicles are prohibited from passing. In areas where the main forest road cannot reach, there is a work path for work machines. 60m / ha It is made at the ratio of, and the efficiency of work is improved.
Enhancement of management system and planning
Germany's 1,000 Ten thousand ha Half of the forests are public forests and the other half are private forests. There are some differences from state to state, but each one Ten An annual forest management plan is obligatory. Owners understand sustainable forests through forest inventory surveys and based on surveys Ten You will be required to create and implement a medium-term management plan for the year and a detailed management plan for each year. 30ha For the following owners Ten Comprehensive by the annual Federal Forest Survey. It goes without saying that the planning based on this actual measurement data leads to the stability of the market.
Learn from the Black Forest
Black Forest is a total area located in southern Germany 5180 It is a forest of ㎢. It is one of Germany's leading tourist destinations visited by tourists from all over the world, and has been a region with a thriving forestry industry since ancient times. The main tree species that make up the forest is Norway spruce, which is called the Black Forest (Wald) because its crown looks black when viewed from the sky. Little is known that this forest was once a primeval forest.
Norway spruce was planted and grown in the industrial revolution and the violent logging sites of the Nazi era. The fast-growing and beautiful appearance of the German Tohi Forest seemed to have brought many benefits to the people of the land, whose main industries are forestry and tourism. But 1999 Year 12 Moon 26 Many trees are knocked down by a large typhoon rotor. The mature spruce forest was a fragile forest with poor understory vegetation because the light did not reach the surface of the earth.
A natural park will be established to tell the story of the typhoon's violence and recovery, but it is still in progress. Germans who have learned from the disaster work hard to restore hardwoods such as beech. The aim is to return to a mixed forest with abundant vegetation and disaster resistance, and eventually to a primeval forest. Of course, in terms of compatibility with the forestry industry, which is another main industry.
Japanese forestry
Japan has a forest area 2500 Ten thousand ha And in Germany 2 Although it is more than double the forest country, the annual production of timber is about half. Furthermore, the timber self-sufficiency rate 30 ~ 40 % Japan, Germany 100 The difference is obvious when expressed in numerical values such as%. Forestry is often shunned as an unprofitable 3K profession in Japan, but in Germany, forest specialists called Foresters are the profession that children long for, and workers in forestry-related jobs are 130 It is a momentum that surpasses everyone and the automobile industry. One of the reasons is that I have been familiar with the forest on a daily basis and have seen people who work proudly in the forest.
Germany, Switzerland and Japan
It is undeniable that the conditions are different from those in Japan, such as the terrain where large machines can easily work, the lack of plant diversity and the small amount of understory vegetation, which makes it easy to naturally regenerate the target tree species. However, there are some successful cases of wood with added value as Swiss quality, even though Switzerland next to Germany has a steeper terrain than Japan.
Make the forest familiar
The forest road that a large German trailer goes through 1970 ~ 80 It was maintained in the 1980s with the great assistance of the government. The forest road is not hardened with asphalt, and it is designed so that ordinary people can easily take a walk. Many people enjoy horseback riding and mountain biking in the same forest. Germany is a place where anyone can walk normally, even in private forests.
Trees are resources and life. It can be used as wood to economically enrich people's lives, and it can be used as a forest to restore not only the physical and mental health of people but also the health of the entire planet. In order to remember that human beings are also one of the living organisms that live together, if we can feel close to the forest and trees, we can live more humblely.
Woodworking products that you can enjoy nature in your life
We will learn about the devastation of forests and the violence of typhoons as history, and both people and forests will grow and renew. Everything is a woodworking product that allows you to feel the natural nature on a daily basis. The time when the tree has lived is engraved on the grain of the wood. HAND in HAND Selles woodwork products and donates the profit section to forest conservation activity groups.
